New study pinpoints moment when modern humans first mixed with Neanderthals

Researchers at the Californian Berkeley University are confident they have identified the point in time when humans and Neanderthals first mixed and mingled by having closely examined ancient genes.

Neanderthals and early humans likely intermingled and interbred about 45,000 years ago, according to a new study published this week, according to AP. By analyzing ancient DNA, researchers narrowed down the timeline for these encounters, revising earlier estimates slightly forward.

Modern humans originated in Africa hundreds of thousands of years ago and gradually migrated to Europe, Asia, and other regions. During their expansion, they encountered and mated with Neanderthals, leaving a lasting imprint on human genetics. While the precise details of these interactions remain unclear, ancient fossils and genetic studies are providing more clues.

“Genetic data from these samples allows us to construct a more detailed picture,” explained Priya Moorjani, a co-author of the study and researcher at the University of California, Berkeley.

To refine the timeline, scientists studied some of the oldest human genetic material, including DNA from the skull of a woman known as Zlatý kůň (Golden Horse), discovered in the Czech Republic. They also analyzed bone fragments from an early human population in Ranis, Germany, located approximately 230 kilometers away. Traces of Neanderthal DNA in these remains suggested that the interbreeding occurred around 45,000 years ago.

In another study, researchers examined the influence of Neanderthal DNA on human genetics over the past 50,000 years. They identified Neanderthal genes associated with immunity and metabolism that may have helped early humans adapt to life outside Africa.

Today, remnants of Neanderthal DNA persist in modern humans, influencing traits like skin color, hair color, and nose shape. Additionally, our genetic code carries traces of Denisovans, another extinct group of ancient human relatives, highlighting the complex web of interactions among early humans and their relatives.

By Nazrin Sadigova