Africa's dilemma on UN Security Council To reform or abolish?

The analysis by the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) explores the complexities surrounding African nations' responses to perceived historical injustices within the international system, particularly concerning the United Nations Security Council (UNSC).

While there is a widespread acknowledgment among African countries of the inequities embedded in the global order, there exists a notable lack of consensus on how to address these grievances. The article emphasizes that African nations are torn between calls for the total abolition of the UNSC or reforming it to include more equitable representation for historically excluded regions.

The ambiguity of Africa's position is exemplified in the Ezulwini Consensus, which articulates a desire for more representation within the UNSC, advocating for permanent seats for African nations along with veto rights, while simultaneously opposing the existence of the veto itself. This contradiction highlights the complexities and indecision plaguing African diplomatic efforts. Notably, representatives from the five permanent members of the UNSC have expressed support for reforming the council to accommodate underrepresented regions like Africa. However, questions linger regarding the sincerity of these expressions and whether they translate into meaningful change.

The CFR posits that now is an opportune moment for African nations to solidify their stance on the UNSC. If they genuinely believe that the council's lack of democracy is detrimental, a compelling argument could be made for its abolition. On the other hand, pursuing membership with the same power dynamics could be seen as morally inconsistent. The article warns that eliminating the UNSC might create more problems, as a UN without veto power could be more chaotic and less effective.

Furthermore, the article challenges the notion that permanent membership in the UNSC offers tangible benefits to African countries. It questions whether nations like Nigeria, Egypt, and South Africa would not be better served by focusing on pressing developmental issues rather than a potentially unattainable goal of permanent UNSC membership. This reflection is particularly pertinent given the ongoing humanitarian crisis in Sudan, which underscores the urgent need for coordinated African action to address conflicts within the continent.

Ultimately, the CFR article calls for a reassessment of Africa's diplomatic objectives and strategies, urging nations to prioritize clarity and practicality in their pursuit of justice and representation on the global stage. Addressing immediate regional challenges while advocating for fairer global governance could better serve Africa's interests in the long run.