US new tech innovations propel geothermal power into future

As the world continues its shift toward cleaner and more sustainable energy sources, geothermal power is gaining increasing attention for its potential role in the energy transition, according to an article spread by Eco News. 

Geothermal energy, a long-standing natural resource, holds significant potential for providing clean and sustainable power in the future. Currently, The Geysers steam field in Northern California serves as a leading example of geothermal energy's crucial role in the global energy transition. Despite its promise, geothermal energy remains largely underutilized compared to wind and solar power, and its scalability and profitability continue to be topics of debate.

Situated in the Mayacamas Mountains, The Geysers is the largest geothermal power generation complex globally. Spanning 45 square miles across Sonoma, Lake, and Mendocino counties, it generates power to support local communities, including Marin and Napa counties.

Contrary to what the name suggests, The Geysers are not natural geysers. The area's name stems from its historical fumarolic activity—steam venting from hot springs—which attracted early explorers. Located on the edges of the Clear Lake volcanic field, the geothermal reservoirs in this region primarily reside within fractured greywacke sandstone.

The unique geological features, coupled with the felsite intrusive body beneath the surface, create the perfect conditions for steam production. The Geysers demonstrate the viability of geothermal energy as a reliable, 24/7 power source through its 18 power plants, which collectively generate approximately 835 megawatts of electricity. These plants tap into steam reservoirs via wells, showcasing how geothermal power harnesses the Earth’s natural heat for continuous energy production.

Geothermal energy is a naturally occurring power source with a rich history. Ancient civilizations, such as the Romans, utilized hot springs for public baths and to heat buildings. However, it wasn’t until the late 19th and early 20th centuries that geothermal energy became more widely used for heating, with the first commercial geothermal power plant opening in 1911.

Despite its long history, geothermal energy has not seen the same growth as other renewable energy sources. By the end of 2021, global installed capacity was only 16 GW. The primary challenges for geothermal development include high upfront costs for exploration and drilling, as well as difficulties in transmitting heat over long distances due to energy losses.

These obstacles have confined geothermal energy to countries with abundant hydrothermal resources. However, geothermal offers distinct advantages. Unlike wind and solar power, which are weather-dependent, geothermal energy provides a steady, reliable supply, making it a potential solution to fill the generation gaps left by intermittent renewable sources. This baseload capability positions geothermal energy as a key player in the global transition to cleaner energy.

To address its limitations, geothermal energy is benefiting from advanced technological innovations. New drilling techniques and improved reservoir management have significantly reduced costs and enhanced performance. Additionally, modern exploration tools have made it easier to identify viable geothermal sites, lowering the financial risks associated with development.

By Naila Huseynova