Revolutionising cancer research: New ideas challenge genetic-centric theory

According to a new article, SciTechDaily features that for decades, the prevailing view in cancer research has been that genetic mutations are the main culprits behind the disease. But a new essay is shaking up this theory, urging scientists to consider a more holistic approach. 

In a recent essay published in PLOS Biology, a team of researchers is urging a shift away from the dominant genetic-based theory of cancer, advocating for a broader approach that includes non-genetic factors in understanding the disease's development. Led by Sui Huang of the Institute for Systems Biology, the team argues that focusing solely on genetic mutations overlooks important biological systems that play a role in cancer formation.

For decades, the prevailing theory has suggested that cancer arises when a normal cell accumulates genetic mutations, leading to uncontrolled growth. This model has guided major initiatives like The Cancer Genome Atlas, which aims to identify cancer-driving mutations and develop targeted therapies. However, Huang and his colleagues point to inconsistencies in genetic research, such as cancers without identifiable driver mutations and normal tissues carrying mutations without forming tumors, as evidence that this theory may not fully explain how cancer develops.

The researchers propose alternative frameworks, including the idea that cancer could result from disruptions in gene regulatory networks or the breakdown of tissue organization. These models suggest that disturbances in the cellular environment, rather than mutations alone, could contribute significantly to tumor formation.

Furthermore, the team argues that adopting a more comprehensive perspective could lead to better cancer treatments and prevention strategies. They suggest that recognizing non-mutagenic environmental factors—such as food additives and plastics—that disrupt tissue balance could play a critical role in cancer risk. Huang and his colleagues believe that embracing these alternative viewpoints will open up new possibilities in cancer research and public health policies aimed at preventing exposure to harmful environmental factors.

As cancer research evolves, this call for a broader approach may spark new insights and innovations in the fight against cancer.

By Naila Huseynova