Ancient Greeks influence formation of Libya

Greek Reporter unveils ints recent article that the founding of Cyrene, an ancient Greek colony in Libya, remains a fascinating chapter in the history of Greek colonization. 

In the seventh century BC, the ancient Greeks began exploring and establishing colonies along the Mediterranean coast. One of the earliest instances of Greek colonization occurred in Libya, starting in 630 BC when a group of islanders from Thera (Santorini), led by Battos Aristoteles, ventured to the region.

The founder of Cyrene was said to have a legendary lineage. According to the ancient Greek historian Herodotus, on his father’s side, he was a descendant of Euphemus, a companion of Jason in the Argonautica. On his mother’s side, his ancestry traced back to Fronime, the daughter of a Cretan king.

The story of the founding of ancient Greek colonies in Libya has been a topic of debate among both ancient and modern scholars. However, some details about Battos' journey and the reasons behind his decision to venture to Libya are clearer. Before setting out, Santorini faced severe hardships, including famine and civil unrest. As conditions deteriorated, the oracle of Delphi advised Battos to establish Cyrene, either on his own or with the assistance of Thera's King Grinos.

Heeding the oracle’s advice, Battos and the Greeks from Santorini set out for Libya in search of the promised fertile land. However, after searching and finding no suitable land, they decided to turn back. Upon their return, the other citizens of the island, displeased with their failure, stoned them and refused to allow them to land.

The hostile reaction from the islanders led Battos’ sailors to seek another prophecy from the Pythia. Although the exact words of the riddle are unknown, the sailors embarked on a second journey. This time, they successfully discovered the fertile land in Libya that had been promised.

The Greeks' initial landing site was not where Cyrene would eventually be founded. Following positive interactions with the local people, they guided Battos' sailors to a more prosperous area, which would become known as Cyrene. The city was named after a spring believed to be sacred to Apollo.

By Naila Huseynova