AP: Israel builds extensive earthen barrier inside Gaza Satellite images show

Israel has constructed more than 23 kilometres (14 miles) of a large earthen barrier inside the Gaza Strip, according to satellite imagery and confirmation from the Israeli military, in a move that appears to further entrench its control over more than half of the enclave.

The barrier, which has been built over recent months, follows much of the so-called "yellow line" — the boundary to which Israeli forces withdrew under the October ceasefire agreement with Hamas.

Originally intended as a temporary military demarcation pending a broader Israeli withdrawal, the line is now increasingly viewed by Palestinians as becoming a de facto border.

Satellite images analysed by the Associated Press show the barrier stretching through heavily damaged Palestinian communities, with construction advancing rapidly. More than 23 kilometres have already been completed, covering over half the length of the coastal territory, which is approximately 40 kilometres long and home to more than two million people.

The Israeli military confirmed the existence of the barrier, describing it as part of a wider "security zone" equipped with intelligence and technological infrastructure. It said the project is designed to prevent infiltration, protect Israeli troops and safeguard Israeli communities near Gaza, but declined to specify how far the barrier will ultimately extend.

According to the satellite imagery, construction has accelerated in recent weeks. In southern Gaza, one section expanded from around 500 metres to approximately 2.4 kilometres between 1 and 15 July, separating the devastated city of Rafah from the nearby Muwasi area, where large numbers of displaced Palestinians remain in tent camps. Another section near Khan Younis has also been extended, while smaller disconnected barriers have appeared near Beit Lahia in northern Gaza.

The barrier is being built alongside extensive military infrastructure in territory under Israeli control. Satellite images indicate that much of the area east of the line has been cleared of buildings through bulldozing and demolitions. New military bases and road networks have also been established, while significant areas of agricultural land have been destroyed. Israel says the demolitions target Hamas infrastructure.

The ceasefire agreement envisaged an eventual Israeli withdrawal to Gaza's outer perimeter, with an international force taking responsibility for security. However, implementation has stalled amid disagreements over Hamas' disarmament and mutual accusations of ceasefire violations.

Israeli forces have continued military operations across Gaza during the ceasefire period, while Palestinians approaching or crossing the yellow line have frequently come under fire. Israel says it targets militants posing threats to its troops, although human rights groups and witnesses have reported civilian casualties.