Saudi swaps US-made C-130 aircraft for Embraers en route to BRICS

Saudi Arabia is all set to trade 42 Lockheed C-130 Hercules, manufactured in the US, for 33 Brazilian Embraer C-390 Millennium. The deal not only includes these aircraft but also encompasses training, production facilities within the country, maintenance, repair, and overhaul services.

The news of these ongoing negotiations between Saudi Arabia, Brazil, and the SAMI investment fund came to light early this year on BulgarianMilitary.com. Riyadh’s proposed agreement covers not just repair and maintenance, but also the final assembly of the T-390. Sources indicate that Brazil is expected to agree to these terms.

This development comes at a time of increasing military tension between Riyadh and Washington. Meanwhile, Saudi Arabia has applied for membership in the BRICS. Currently, BRICS comprises Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, and the United Arab Emirates.

Political barriers

In active service with Riyadh at present, there are 42 C-130 military transport aircraft. These planes were initially procured by Saudi Arabia as early as the 1970s. Saudi Arabia has consistently invested in its C-130 fleet over the years, with purchases including more recent models and the upgrading of its existing fleet.

Experts predict that the acquisition of the C-390 could potentially exacerbate the shaky trust between the US and Saudi Arabia. Riyadh’s desire to acquire fifth-generation F-35 stealth fighters has still not been approved by Washington for several reasons – the Yemen conflict, human rights violations, and the potential risk of upsetting the balance in the Middle East. It’s important to remember that the US has a longstanding policy of ensuring a qualitative military edge [QME] for Israel in the region.

Lastly, the impact of Congress is significant. Decisions on arms deals are indeed dependent on this political body. Current observations indicate strong opposition in Congress against Saudi Arabia acquiring America’s premier fighter jet. However, it’s essential to remember that these decisions are not set in stone and could be influenced by shifts in the geopolitical landscape or changes in leadership, among other factors.

Eurofighter and Rafale

Simultaneously, under the leadership of Prince Mohammed bin Salman [MBS], the kingdom plans to purchase the Eurofighter Typhoon from Airbus and BAE Systems. These jets were introduced by Britain, Italy, Germany, and Spain, all of whom are NATO members. Additionally, Saudi Arabia has confirmed a contract to buy 54 Rafale units from Dassault Aviation scheduled for Q4 2023.

The proposed deal to purchase the C390 from Brazil could potentially be a bitter pill for the US to swallow. However, this scenario could dramatically change if Washington reconsiders its decision and agrees to sell Lockheed Martin’s fifth-generation fighter jets to Riyadh. In such a case, Saudi Arabia might contemplate purchasing the latest generation of US transport aircraft, equipped with advanced technology and superior features.

So, what differentiates the Embraer C-390 Millennium from Lockheed Martin’s C-130? A comparison of both military aircraft reveals the significant edge the Brazilian giant has over its American counterpart.

C-130 vs. C-390

The Embraer C-390 Millennium is an aircraft designed with military applications in mind. This twin-engine jet sets a new standard in the tactical airlift category, combining cost-effectiveness in life-cycle expenses with flexibility that allows it to perform an array of tasks. It is capable of transporting troops and cargo, conducting air delivery, engaging in aerial refueling, executing search and rescue operations, and fighting forest fires – the C-390 Millennium adeptly handles it all.

When comparing the C-390 Millennium to its closest contemporary – Lockheed Martin’s C-130, several interesting contrasts emerge. The most apparent difference, with no pun intended, is the C-390’s jet-propulsion system, in contrast to the C-130’s turboprop system. This grants the C-390 the advantage of a higher top speed and extended range. In addition, the introduction of state-of-the-art avionics and systems, such as fly-by-wire control technology, allows the C-390 Millennium to prioritize safety, and reliability, and to reduce pilot workload.

Upon examining cargo capabilities, the C-390 outperforms the C-130 once again. The C-390 features a rear ramp similar to the C-130, but it comes with an improved cargo handling system that enables quicker operations. Moreover, its cargo compartment is noticeably more spacious, allowing for the transport of larger and taller cargo.

An additional significant attribute of the C-390 Millennium is its compact design, which is suitable for shorter runways and less equipped locations, a feat the larger C-130 may find challenging. Furthermore, economical engines and simplified maintenance mean the C-390 touts lower life-cycle costs.

In terms of aerial refueling capabilities, both aircraft perform equally. However, the C-390 has an edge, due to its compatibility with both probe and receptacle-equipped aircraft, while the C-130 is limited to those with a probe. This provides the C-390 with added flexibility in this regard.

Operational history

Turning our attention to on-ground experience, we find a role reversal. The C-130 Hercules has participated in countless missions since its introduction in the 1950s. It has been involved in significant conflicts and humanitarian relief efforts, including the Vietnam War, the Gulf War, and various United Nations peacekeeping operations.

The C-130 Hercules has also been a part of numerous special operations. For instance, it played a crucial role in the 1980 Iran hostage crisis rescue mission, Operation Eagle Claw. It has also been used extensively for medical evacuation, disaster relief, and search and rescue missions. The aircraft’s adaptability and durability have made it a staple in military operations worldwide.

Turning to the C-390 Millennium, this aircraft is relatively new to the field, having been introduced by Embraer in 2018. As such, it has participated in fewer missions compared to the C-130 Hercules. The exact number of missions it has been involved in is also difficult to ascertain due to the sensitive nature of military operations.

Nothing is permanent

A closer look at Riyadh’s interest in procuring 33 Brazilian military transport aircraft begs the question of the transaction’s strategic importance to Washington. If approving this deal demonstrates long-term strategic implications, it might enforce changes in Washington’s policy, as witnessed before. Just look at Europe today, where the distribution of F-35s takes place as long as both monetary and age criteria are satisfied.

Let’s also observe Turkey, whose military estrangement from the US has lessened. Despite earlier restrictions, the F-16 is now a viable option, and the F-35 is back in the dialogue. We should also consider Ukraine. Saudi Arabia’s initial reluctance to provide equipment could very well take an unforeseen turn, just as in business, where only the exchange of cash signals the end of a deal.