Satellite internet users in Iran face jail, death penalty under new law

Iran’s parliament has passed legislation criminalizing the use of unlicensed electronic communication tools, including satellite internet services such as Starlink, with offenders facing various prison terms.

The surge in the use of such technology reflects growing frustrations over internet restrictions and poor service quality from domestic providers. Many Iranians have sought alternative means to access unrestricted content, including streaming from international sources, Caliber.Az reports, citing foreign media.

The law, ratified on June 23, follows a 12-day war with Israel and comes amid heightened concerns over foreign influence and the control of information. Reports during the conflict suggested thousands of clandestine Starlink terminals were smuggled into Iran to bypass wartime internet blackouts.

Titled “Increasing the Punishment for Espionage and Collaborating with Israel and Hostile Countries Against National Security and Interests,” the legislation consists of nine articles introducing severe penalties for activities deemed threats to national security.

Under the new law, any intelligence or operational cooperation with Israel or other hostile states is classified as “corruption on earth,” a charge punishable by death under Iranian law. Capital punishment may also apply to those involved in producing, transporting, or using lethal or unconventional weapons, military-grade drones or robots, cyberattacks, or sabotage of critical infrastructure if committed with intent to assist hostile entities.

The law also criminalizes receiving funds or assets from foreign intelligence agents, even without any further action, provided the recipient knows the sender’s affiliation. Moreover, political, cultural, media, or propaganda activities that incite public fear, sow division, or undermine national security may lead to imprisonment and permanent dismissal from public service.

In 2024, images circulating on social media showed some users installing Starlink dishes on their rooftops, bypassing local regulations. Starlink equipment costs range from IRR400 million ($673) to IRR2 billion ($3,367), with monthly subscription fees around $40.

By Vafa Guliyeva