NGOs from 13 countries urge immediate response to Armenia’s mining pollution

As many as twenty-nine NGOs from 13 countries have issued an urgent appeal to the UNECE Espoo Convention Secretariat and Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) over environmental concerns, particularly related to mining activities in Armenia.

The appeal, led by the Environmental Protection First (EPF) NGO Coalition, commends the preparation of a map highlighting the significant ecological damage caused by mining to transboundary rivers in the Republic of Armenia, Caliber.Az reports, citing local media.

"The Environmental Protection First (EPF) NGO Coalition created a map highlighting the environmental damage to the transboundary rivers caused by the mining activities in the Republic of Armenia. We, the civil society organizations from different countries, express our support for this Coalition and emphasise the importance of cooperation with EPF.  The map (attached) illustrates that waste containing high concentration of heavy metals, generated from extractive industry operations in the territory of Armenia, is being discharged into transboundary rivers," the appeal reads.

The NGOs argue that the mining activities along rivers such as Pambak (Debed), Aparanchay, Zangichay, Vedichay, Arpachay, Okchuchay, and Bazarchay—located in the upper and middle reaches of the Kur and Araz rivers—have a detrimental effect on both Azerbaijan and neighbouring countries. The severe chemical contamination of the Araz River, a key freshwater source for the region, is highlighted as a significant threat to local populations, biodiversity, soil, and aquatic life.

"We strongly condemn these actions that blatantly disregard internationally recognised standards and principles, particularly those established under the UN Economic Commission for Europe’s (UNECE) Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context (Espoo Convention), which acknowledges the necessity of international cooperation and dialogue when multiple countries are affected by transboundary activities. Following the guidelines of the Convention, the environmental assessment reports of the industrial facilities should be shared with all affected parties. The ongoing mining activities without getting a consent from neighbouring affected parties, including Azerbaijan, constitutes a clear breach of the Convention," the appeal states.

The organisations further express concern that Armenia has repeatedly refused to cooperate, raising doubts about its commitment to transparency and responsible environmental governance. The NGOs emphasise that economic development should not come at the expense of environmental harm or pollution of vital water bodies.

"We urge EITI to take into account these serious environmental breaches, which are inconsistent with EITI principles, when evaluating the transparency of Armenia’s extractive industry. Furthermore, international experts, along with Azerbaijani and foreign NGOs, must be granted access to the mining facilities for on-site monitoring and verification of environmental and operational practices. We call the Espoo Convention and EITI Secretariats to contribute to this process and are open to discussing the matter further," the appeal concludes.

The appeal is signed by:

1. Laura Kezhaeva, Femina NGO, Finland
2. Kungiyar Matasan, Kano advocacy organization, Nigeria
3. Joseph SEVERE, UNASCAD, Haiti
4. Peter Owiti, Wote Youth Development Projects CBO, Kenya
5. Abdoulsamad Said Arreh, Social Development organization – “Paix&Lait”, Djibouti
6. Dare Akogun, DA News Media Advocacy for Climate Literacy and Justice, Nigeria
7. Mohamed Abderrahmane Cheikh Dah, GreeM Environment, Chad
8. Dr. Uzodinma Adirieje, Afrihealth Optonet Association (AHOA) - CSOs Network, Nigeria
9. Dr. Mohamed Lamine, Society for Conservation and Sustainability of Energy and Environment in Nigeria (SOCSEEN), Nigeria
10. Agbavito Koku Selom, Association des Volontaires pour l'Environnement Sain, Togo
11. Joseph Silali, 350 Kenya/ABO'S AFRICA, Kenya
12. Mustapha Umar Yushau, Kano advocacy organization, Nigeria
13. Nicolai Russu, Youth Vision NGO, Moldova
14. Aniedi Inyang, Enemas Resources Foundation, Nigeria
15. Aamir Khan, Climate Hub Forum, Pakistan
16. Laura Rajala, Green Habito, Finland
17. Thulisile Maziya Sinatsisa Lubombo, Women and girls Empowerment organization, Eswatini
18. Eliud Emeri, TUBAE- International, Kenya
19. Polycena Akadeli, Turkana Gender and Child Protection Network (TGCPN), Kenya
20. Ridhiwani Sadiki, Citizen Network For Rural Development, Kenya
21. Cornelius Lochuch TODANYATU CBO, Kenya
22. George Williams Kafeero, Hope Community Initiative, Uganda
23. Mukunde Penninah, Engendering Gender International, Uganda
24. Joseph Ngaukon Achuka, Ayok multi-development organization, Kenya
25. Dr. Uzodinma Adirieje, Foundation DUZAFOUND, Nigeria
26. Emmanuel Esio Global Leadership Initiatives for Education, Health and Social Development (GLIEHSD), Nigeria
27. Patrick Sawasawa Odrapna AFRICA, DRC
28. Edson Mughongo Ibanda, Girl-child care İnitiative, Uganda
29. Asaduzzaman Tohin OAB Youth Foundation, Bangladesh.

By Aghakazim Guliyev