AI takes the lead in Pentagon’s next-generation missile shield

The Pentagon’s Golden Dome air-defence system will rely heavily on AI to integrate sensors and interceptors, accelerate threat detection, and manage large-scale missile attacks, according to slides revealed at a recent unclassified industry day in Huntsville, Alabama.

More than 3,000 participants from the space and missile-defence sectors attended, although reporters were barred.

AI tools, including an “AI-Enabled Fire Control Concept,” are expected to network radars and missile batteries, track dozens to hundreds of missiles, and streamline logistics, such as rearming and maintenance.

Experts envision AI moving humans from “in the loop” to “on the loop,” enabling faster recommendations for intercepts while maintaining oversight. AI may also speed up testing to meet ambitious 2028 goals.

Golden Dome plans include space-based interceptors capable of striking missiles at lift-off, mid-course, and glide phases, surpassing the capabilities envisioned by the 1980s-era Brilliant Pebbles program. The system will integrate ground-based radars, missile systems like Patriot PAC-3, the Next Generation Interceptor, Northrop Grumman’s GMD system, and other assets from multiple vendors. Eleven short-range missile batteries will be deployed across the U.S.

Integration of diverse sensors, radars, and satellites—including those outside the Defence Department—remains the program’s central challenge. AI and automation are critical for coordinating thousands of ground- and space-based systems under extreme time pressure.

Companies such as Northrop Grumman and Lockheed Martin are exploring collaboration across corporate boundaries to tackle integration issues. SpaceX, though currently a leading launch provider, may play a supporting role rather than developing space-based interceptors directly.

Analysts suggest Golden Dome could reshape the commercial space sector, expanding launch capacity and competition.

Despite secrecy around discussions, experts question the system’s timeline, cost, feasibility, and impact on nuclear deterrence. Critics stress the need for clear answers on what the Golden Dome aims to achieve and whether it can succeed.

By Tamilla Hasanova