Cosmetics made from deceased donor tissue spark ethical debate in South Korea

Up to seven cosmetic products based on extracellular matrix derived from donated human skin — including collagen sourced from deceased donors — could enter the market in South Korea by the end of the year.

According to The Korea Herald, the products belong to a new category of injectable skin treatments positioned as an alternative to synthetic and bioengineered options. The first such products were introduced in 2024, and their number continues to grow.

Critics argue the market is effectively operating in a “grey zone.” As noted by Kwon Dong-ju, a lawyer at a Seoul-based firm, current oversight is largely limited to screening for infections and contamination, while requirements for clinical trials and biological safety are significantly less stringent than those applied to medicines and medical devices. Comparable procedures in other areas of medicine typically undergo years of testing.

Ethical concerns have further fuelled the debate. Some experts warn that using donor tissue — including from deceased individuals — for cosmetic purposes could undermine already low rates of voluntary donation, which stand at around 200 cases per year in the country.

These materials were originally developed for reconstructive surgery, such as treating burns and supporting recovery operations. However, they are now increasingly used in aesthetic medicine amid rising demand.

A survey of more than 1,000 adults found that around 60% of respondents support either banning or strictly regulating the use of human tissue in cosmetic procedures.

Authorities in South Korea say they will take a cautious approach to regulation, aiming not to hinder legitimate medical applications while considering stricter oversight and limits on the advertising of such treatments in the aesthetic sector.