European Parliament backs tougher migration rules

The European Parliament has given final approval to a major overhaul of EU migration rules that expands detention powers and allows for the creation of deportation centres outside the bloc, Euractiv reports.

MEPs voted 418 to 218 in Strasbourg in favour of the reform, which has moved through the EU’s lengthy legislative process amid growing political pressure from national governments to tighten migration policy. The vote was accompanied by applause from right and far-right lawmakers and chants of “shame on you” from left-wing members, highlighting deep divisions over a text criticised by human rights groups.

“This regulation tells everybody that it is us and not the smugglers deciding who can stay in the European Union and who must leave,” said Magnus Brunner, the EU’s commissioner for migration.

The new rules allow member states to establish so-called “return hubs” in third countries, where migrants whose asylum claims have been rejected can be sent. Several governments, including Denmark, Austria, Greece, Germany and the Netherlands, have already explored such options. Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis said, “Our goal is to conclude the first agreements for the creation of these structures in 2026, so that they are operational from 2027.”

EU governments have pushed for tougher migration policies amid shifting public opinion and the rise of far-right parties. With arrivals declining in 2025, Brussels has focused on improving returns, with fewer than 30% of those ordered to leave the EU currently being repatriated.

Right-wing MEP François-Xavier Bellamy called the vote a “historic step for Europe and proof that change is possible,” adding, “we are not condemned to powerlessness”.

However, the reform has sparked strong criticism. “It paves the way for forced deportations, increasingly invasive Trump-era ICE-style checks, and the normalisation of detention even for people who committed no crime,” said Alessandro Zan of the S&D group.

Maria Nyman of Caritas warned the measures risk “stigmatising and criminalising migrants, fuelling polarisation at a time when our societies urgently need greater cohesion.”

Under the new framework, migrants who do not comply with return orders or are deemed a security risk may be detained for up to two years. Authorities will also be able to search homes and seize personal belongings as part of enforcement measures.

Critics have described the “return hubs” as potential “legal black holes,” while proponents argue they will improve deportation rates. The law now requires final approval from EU member states before entering into force.

By Vafa Guliyeva