In Iran, angry pensioners protest inflation, government

More images and videos of protesting pensioners are appearing every day on social networks and in the Iranian media — even though the government continues to ban such demonstrations. Retired people are among those suffering the most from the ongoing economic crisis and problems caused by the state's chronic mismanagement.

Jafar Azimzadeh, a pensioner, trade unionist and chairman of the Free Union of Iranian Workers, told DW that people were dissatisfied. He said they believed that political leaders were unable to provide adequate answers to their problems, and that a country could not be governed by repression alone.

For many pensioners, the massive increase in food prices has posed an existential problem. According to the Statistical Office of Iran, the cost of food has risen by 80 per cent in one year, ranking Iran among the five countries in the world with the highest inflation rate for food. This is mainly due to the massive decrease in value of Iran's currency.

Iran is heavily dependent on imports, particularly of grain and vegetable oil, and is having to pay increasingly high prices for these with foreign currency.

Many retirees have reported that they can only afford to buy the bare necessities. "We have not been able to afford to travel for a long time," said a 73-year-old retired teacher. "Spending time with relatives and children was our only joy. But now hardly anyone can afford to invite guests."

At the protests and in the media, Iranians are complaining that they have slipped below the poverty line. According to official figures, around one-third of the Iranian population was already living below the poverty line in 2022. Many cannot afford medical treatment if they get ill.

The daily newspaper Etemad reported on May 30 that inflation was making people increasingly "angry, worried, stressed, and unhappy." It referenced statistics from the Forensic Medicine Organization, which has found a direct link between inflation and the increase in physical altercations all over Iran.

The government has announced that pensions and salaries will rise by 20 per cent this year, but so far no inflation adjustment is in sight. Some 40 per cent of the government's budget depends on energy revenues. Tehran has blamed US sanctions against Iran's oil exports for the problems, and is trying to strengthen its partnership with Russia and China.

In reality, Iran continues to export a significant amount of oil. According to the Reuters news agency, it exported an average of 1.14 million barrels of oil per day in December 2022, more than in any other month of that year.

However, the volume doesn't compare to that of previous years. In early 2016, in the wake of the Iran nuclear deal, oil exports rose to around 2 million barrels a day. Before the 1979 Islamic Revolution, Iran was selling up to 6 million barrels of oil a day.