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UK regulator opens investigation into X over online safety law compliance

12 January 2026 20:29

The UK media regulator Ofcom has opened a formal investigation into X, formerly known as Twitter, to assess whether the platform is complying with its legal obligations under the UK’s Online Safety Act.

The move follows widespread reports that a version of X’s Grok artificial intelligence model was used to generate and share content that may include intimate image abuse, child sexual abuse material (CSAM), and pornographic material accessible to children, Caliber.Az reports via the statement shared on Ofcom

The investigation centres on X’s user-to-user service and the responsibilities imposed on such platforms by Part 3 of the Online Safety Act. The legislation requires companies to protect users from illegal content and to prevent children from encountering harmful material.

As part of this framework, providers must carry out a suitable and sufficient illegal content risk assessment, a requirement that came into force on March 16, 2025. Where a service is likely to be accessed by children, providers must also complete a children’s risk assessment, which became mandatory on July 24, 2025.

Beyond these assessments, the Act requires platforms to take proportionate steps to prevent users from encountering priority illegal content, including intimate image abuse and CSAM. Companies must also manage the risk that their services could be used to commit serious criminal offences and address any risks identified in their most recent risk assessments. Platforms are required to have systems and processes in place to minimise the length of time illegal content remains available and to ensure it is removed swiftly once identified.

Ofcom said its investigation will examine whether there are reasonable grounds to believe that X’s owner, XIUC, has failed or is failing to meet these obligations.

If Ofcom identifies compliance failures, it has the power to impose fines of up to £18 million or 10% of a company’s qualifying worldwide revenue, whichever is higher. In the most serious cases of ongoing non-compliance, and where there is a significant risk of harm to individuals in the UK, Ofcom can apply to a court for business disruption measures.

By Sabina Mammadli

Caliber.Az
Views: 574

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