Japan lifts ban on lethal weapons exports in major policy shift

Japan has approved a major shift in its postwar security policy, lifting long-standing restrictions on the export of lethal weapons as it seeks to expand its defence industry and deepen cooperation with international partners.

On April 21, the Cabinet of Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi adopted new guidelines removing previous limits on arms exports, as per American media reports.

The change allows Japan to sell advanced military equipment, including fighter jets, missiles, combat drones and destroyers. Until now, exports had been confined to non-lethal categories such as rescue, transport and surveillance.

The updated framework permits exports to 17 countries that have defense equipment and technology transfer agreements with Japan. Each transfer will require approval from the National Security Council, and authorities will monitor how the equipment is used. In principle, Japan will not supply lethal weapons to countries engaged in active conflicts.

Chief Cabinet Secretary Minoru Kihara said the policy is intended to strengthen Japan’s security and support regional and international stability, while also reinforcing the country’s industrial base.

The decision builds on earlier policy adjustments. In 2014, Japan allowed limited exports of non-lethal military supplies, and in 2023, it approved the transfer of licensed lethal equipment to partner countries such as the United States. These steps also enabled cooperation on projects like a next-generation fighter jet with the United Kingdom and Italy.

Japan has already expanded defence ties, including a $6.5 billion agreement to supply and jointly produce frigates with Australia. Interest in Japanese defence equipment has also emerged from Southeast Asia and Europe.

While partners have welcomed the policy change, critics argue it contradicts Japan’s pacifist constitution and could heighten international tensions.

By Tamilla Hasanova